Precision forging technology is a less cutting technology, that is, after metal plastic forming, it can be applied to mechanical products only by simple subsequent processing. Compared with simultaneous interpreting, precision forging technology not only reduces material consumption, saves energy, but also improves production efficiency and is more conducive to market development. It can not only obtain metal parts with a certain shape, but also make the internal structure of the metal more closely combined, and improve the toughness and wear resistance of the parts. There are many kinds of precision forging technologies, which can be roughly divided into precision die forging, precision punching, extrusion, multi-directional die forging, radial forging, swing rolling and other precision forging technologies.
The advantages of precision die forging are: high material utilization; Reduced or no cutting; Good dimensional accuracy and surface quality of forgings; The distribution of metal streamline is reasonable. For some precious metals that are not easy to machine, precision forging process has more advantages. Therefore, precision die forging technology has become an important practical technology in modern machinery manufacturing industry. According to the different temperatures added to the preform before forging, precision die forging technology can be divided into three forging processes: Hot precision forging, warm precision forging and cold precision forging.
Extrusion is to transfer the external force energy to the metal blank. Under the influence of the die structure, the metal material is guided to flow along the internal structure of the die, plastic deformation occurs, and the corresponding parts are formed. Extrusion is divided into cold extrusion, warm extrusion and hot extrusion, which is determined by the blank temperature during forming; According to the flow mode of materials, it can be divided into forward extrusion, reverse extrusion, composite extrusion, reducing extrusion and so on. According to the different flow directions of metal materials, it can be divided into radial extrusion and axial extrusion. With the continuous innovation of science and technology, hydrostatic extrusion, continuous extrusion and other technologies have developed relatively mature.
Special precision forging and precision die forging have common characteristics. Their similarities are that the machining allowance of forgings is small (even zero) and the surface quality is better; The difference is that special precision forging generally does not use general die forging equipment (including general precision die forging equipment), but uses special die forging equipment and special dies and tooling to realize a specific forging technology. Therefore, it is also called special forging process. In relevant factories or workshops, a professional special precision forging production line is usually established to realize the mass production of certain forgings. At present, special precision forging technology has been widely used at home and abroad. The commonly used processes are: cross wedge rolling, swing rolling, liquid die forging, isothermal forging, multidirectional die forging, etc.