Spiral bevel gear is widely used in various mechanical products such as aircraft, ship and national defense equipment, machine tools, automobiles, engineering machinery and mining machinery, as well as various mechanical products such as machine tools, automobiles, engineering machinery and mining machinery, because of its large coincidence coefficient, stable transmission and high strength. Spiral bevel gear is one of the most widely used spiral bevel gears, which has basically become the synonym of spiral bevel gear. As the spherical involute profile of the ideal tooth surface, the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear belongs to the space spiral surface, and the mathematical model of the tooth surface is relatively complex, which makes the existing cutting process of the tooth surface extremely complex, and the cost of the machine tool and the cutter is complex, so that the existing cutting process of the tooth surface is extremely complex, and the cost of the machine tool and the cutter is expensive. In the actual cutting process, the setting of machine tool and tool parameters, assembly error and cutting force deformation in the process of machining will affect the tooth surface bearing capacity and meshing performance of the processed spiral bevel gear, which makes it difficult to control the design and manufacturing quality of spiral bevel gear. Therefore, the research on the milling of high-precision spherical involute spiral bevel gear has always been a key and difficult problem in the field of gear manufacturing at home and abroad. At present, there are two main machining systems of spiral bevel gears: Gleason and Oerlikon. The high-precision spiral bevel gear processing technology and equipment are basically monopolized by these two kinds of tooth system foreign companies, which makes the high-precision spiral bevel gear in China basically rely on the purchase of foreign machine tools for processing.
In principle, the spherical involute spiral bevel gear pair is conjugate transmission by line contact, but the existing method of cutting teeth is engineering approximation, and the generated spiral bevel gear tooth surface is quasi conjugate transmission by point contact.. The tooth profile of Gleason spiral bevel gear is approximately replaced by the imaginary equivalent cylindrical gear profile on the back cone expansion plane, and it pursues the simple design and manufacture of cutting tools. The spiral cone surface formed by the rotation of the straight edge is used as the cutting surface of the cutting edge, and the tooth surface of the spiral bevel gear is machined by envelope generation. The machined tooth surface is not spherical involute tooth surface strictly, which has lost interchangeability, constant instantaneous transmission ratio and many other properties. However, due to the improper engagement of the cut tooth surface, there are some disadvantages, such as high transmission noise, poor contact area and low strength. In order to obtain better contact performance, it is necessary to adjust the parameters of machine tool and tool repeatedly, which makes the cost of precision spiral bevel gear more expensive, and it takes a lot of time to adjust the pitch of spiral bevel gear.
With the continuous development and improvement of computer technology and control system, the gear milling machine of spiral bevel gear has been improved from Gleason No.116 gear milling machine with mechanical rigid transmission as the main part to Phoenix, which is more advanced now The type II multi axis linkage CNC gear milling machine tool has eliminated the lengthy mechanical transmission chain, adjustment link, cutter tilt mechanism and shaking table mechanism, and simplified the structure of the machine tool to a certain extent. However, the tooth surface forming is still based on the original Gleason cutting technology, using the engineering approximation method. It is still a complex problem to adjust the contact area of tooth surface, design the parameters of machine tool and cutter, and control the cutting movement.
Based on the generating principle of spherical involute spiral bevel gear tooth surface, a new milling method is put forward, which takes the generating line of tooth surface as the cutting edge and the reverse movement of generating movement of tooth surface as the cutting movement. It only needs three-axis linkage to cut the spiral bevel gear tooth surface. Based on the research of the new method of three-axis linkage cutting, the cutting movement is further simplified, and a new milling method of two axis linkage is put forward. In this paper, the new method of spiral bevel gear milling is used to process the tooth surface of the bevel gear. The cutting machine and the cutting tool are significantly simplified, and the motion control is simple. This paper attempts to explore a new path in the field of bevel gear machining, and realize the independent innovation of spiral bevel gear machining technology.