The spindle system of the spiral bevel gear milling machine is a key component for machining spiral bevel gears. The teeth of spiral bevel gears The surface quality and processing efficiency are affected by the dynamic characteristics of the milling machine spindle system and process parameters. Currently, most research on the dynamic characteristics of spindle systems is focused on general-purpose milling machines or lathes, and there is relatively little research on the dynamic characteristics of spindle systems in spiral bevel gear milling machines. At present, the selection of process parameters is often based on experience or reference manuals, while the judgment of the rationality of the machining process or tooth surface quality is made through the observation of workers. Such selection or judgment sometimes leads to the inability to fully utilize the performance of the milling machine, resulting in waste, accelerated wear of the milling cutter disc, or severe vibration between the tool and the workpiece. In response to the above issues, this article studies the matching between process parameters and the dynamic characteristics of the milling machine spindle system by studying the different excitations caused by changes in process parameters during milling and cutting, as well as the dynamic response of the spindle system. Based on the finite element dynamics theory and Timoshenko beam theory,bevel gear this paper establishes a numerical model of the spindle system dynamics of a gear milling machine, and conducts harmonic and transient response analysis of the system on this basis. Due to the fact that cutting force is the main source of excitation during gear milling, bevel gear this article establishes a theoretical cutting force model for machining small wheels and analyzes the influence of process parameter changes on cutting force. At the same time, the cutting forces under different process parameters were calculated using the simulation cutting software AdvantEdge FEM, and the frequency components of the cutting forces were analyzed.bevel gear Based on cutting force calculation and dynamic response results, two sets of process parameters were selected for corresponding experiments, and the optimal parameters were obtained to verify their matching effect with the spindle system. Through the research in this article, the modeling and analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the spindle system during gear milling cutting have been achieved. Selecting appropriate process parameters based on the dynamic response of the spindle system will greatly improve the efficiency of process parameter selection and fully utilize the performance of the gear milling machine. This study provides a more convenient way to adjust the milling process parameters of spiral bevel gears, accurately judge the status of the machine tool spindle system under certain process parameters, and adjust the structural parameters of the milling machine spindle system.
As the core equipment of the manufacturing industry, machine tools play a crucial role in modern mechanical manufacturing. With the increasing demand for efficiency and quality in industrial production, the machining performance of machine tools has attracted more and more attention. The machining performance of a machine tool is not only directly related to the quality of the workpiece and the cutting efficiency, but also influenced by the dynamic performance of the machine tool. If there is significant vibration or deformation during the operation of the machine tool, it will directly impact the dynamic accuracy of the machining process, thereby affecting the surface quality of the workpiece. This situation can lead to a significant decrease in production efficiency and hinder production progress. Long term use of this can even shorten the service life of the machine tool, leading to its premature scrapping. Especially in the context of modern widespread use of CNC machine tools, due to their automated processing achieved through various detection devices, severe vibrations may affect the normal operation of these detection devices. In addition, due to the often unattended state of CNC machine tools, once severe vibrations occur, they are often difficult to detect and take timely measures, which may ultimately affect the processing quality of products and even lead to safety hazards in the production process. Therefore, it is particularly important to fully understand and effectively control the vibration problems in machine tool operation.
The study of the vibration characteristics of the machine tool spindle system, bevel gear as a key component that directly contacts the workpiece, is crucial. The vibration characteristics of the machine tool spindle system mainly include three core aspects: analysis of the inherent characteristics of the machine tool spindle structure, evaluation of dynamic response, and research on cutting stability. The analysis of the inherent characteristics of the spindle structure of a machine tool covers multiple key elements such as the natural frequency, damping ratio, dynamic stiffness, and modal vibration of components such as the spindle, bearings, and cutterhead. These characteristics collectively determine the stability and performance of the machine tool during the machining process. The dynamic response provides a detailed description of the vibration behavior characteristics exhibited by the machine tool spindle system during operation, including specific parameters such as the magnitude of vibration amplitude, frequency distribution, and the time required for system stability. bevel gear These parameters are essential reference for evaluating the stability of machine tool operation and optimizing the machining process. The study of cutting stability mainly focuses on the state of the system under the action of cutting forces, especially when specific cutting parameters are used, resonance phenomena may occur between the spindle tool and the workpiece, which can have a huge impact on machining quality and machine performance. By deeply understanding the vibration characteristics of the machine tool spindle system, key process parameters such as feed rate and spindle speed can be selected in a targeted manner to avoid resonance points and cutting chatter zones that may occur in the spindle system. This optimization measure helps to reduce or suppress the vibration of the machine tool during the cutting process,bevel gear thereby improving the machining quality of the parts and ensuring stable and efficient production.
The process parameters of gear milling are key factors affecting machining efficiency, machining quality, and tool durability.For example, if the cutting amount is set too high, although it can quickly remove materials, excessive cutting force may cause machine tool chatter, leading to a decrease in machining accuracy and increased wear of the tool head; On the contrary, if the cutting amount is too small, although it can reduce the vibration of the machine tool, the extension of cutting time will directly lead to low machining efficiency. Currently, the selection of process parameters is mostly based on literature or experience, and this conservative choice often fails to fully utilize the performance of machine tools,bevel gear thereby limiting the improvement of machining efficiency. Therefore, reasonable selection of process parameters is crucial, as it helps to reduce machine tool vibration, improve cutting efficiency, and ensure machining quality.